The Friedmann Equation is an equation that emerges from a special solution to Einstein's equation for General Relativity, called the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric. The metric assumes a universe with homogeneous and isotropic space-time, i.e. a constant energy density throughout all space. It turns out that this assumption describes the entire universe fairly well, and as a result, the Friedmann Equation can describe the evolution of the universe.
From the Friedmann Equation rises three possible fates of the universe, depending on the energy density of the universe. This website gives a fairly simple description of the Friedmann Equation, and talks about the fates of the universe depending on initial conditions. It's a really interesting concept, and the fact that this website introduces it without much mathematics is even better!
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